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FF                    Rt}-----721-1023 free for files1024 extended VTOC1025-1040 not usedwell that's all what i can say aboutthe format ofFs}  FF                    NF}                          NG}        MAPPING THE DOS DISK by: nir darey.This time we will examine hoNH}w the DOSuses sectors to store and keep trackof programs or data files.lets look at a DOS disk.The first three sectors cNI}ontains theboot information. Sectors 4 - 359 arefree for files. Sector 360 is theVTOC. Sectors 361 - 368 are thedirectoryNJ} information. Sectors 369 -719 are free for files. Sectors 720is not used. Sectors 712 - 1023 arefree for files in enhanceNK}d densityonly. Sector 1024 is the extendedVTOC for enhanced density only.Sectors 1025 - 1040 are not used.There are threNL}e different kinds ofsectors that stores information aboutthe whole disk.First the BOOT SECTORS. first we mustunderstand wNM}hat is a boot sector.well, a boot sector is the firstsector on a disk. the boot sectoris actually the header of the wholeNN}disk. The most important at the bootsector are it's first six bytes.Byte zero is the boot flag, it isusually unused.Byte NO}1 contains the number of sectorsto be read as part of the bootprocess. the number can be upto 256.Bytes 2-3 contains the sNP}tart addressto load the boot data.Bytes 4-5 are the initializationaddress.As for the boot sectors in the DOSdisk, the boNQ}ot flag is always zero,the number of boot sector are three,the address to load the boot sectorsis 1792 and the initializatNR}ionaddress is 5440.Bytes 6-7 are the address that thecomputer will jump to continue load.Byte eight is unused. Byte nine NS}is thenumber of sectors buffer ( =3).Byte ten is the drive enable bits, bits 0-7 equal to drives 1-8. byteten is usualy 1NT}31 in decimal, in binary it's equal to 10000011. As youcan see drives 1,2 and 8 are is use.Byte eleven is unused.Bytes 12NU} and 13 are the start addressfor the buffers, equal to 6604.The 14 byte indicates if there is DOSon the disk or not. If thNV}e byte isequal to zero means that there is noDos on the disk, if the byte is 1then DOS.SYS is on the disk.Bytes 15 - 16 iNW}s the first sector ofDOS.SYS file usualy it's 4.The 17 byte is the offset to sectorlink data, the byte is equal to 125.ByNX}tes 18 - 19 indicates the start ofmain DOS.SYS file, it's equal to 1995The 20 byte is the first byte of theboot data.thosNY}e values can be changed with thewright tool.secondly the Volume Table Of Contentsor as known the VTOC. the VTOC datais lNZ}ocated in sector 360, and in thissector you can find how many sectorsare free, what sector is used orunused and moreThe fN[}irst 10 bytes contains generalinformation about the disk.Byte zero is used to indicate the DOStype normally it's equal to N\}2 for DOS2.0/2.5.Bytes one and two contains the totalor sectors on the disk. for DOS 2.0it's 707 and for DOS 2.5 it's 101N]}0.Bytes three and four contains thenumber or currently free sectors.Bytes 10 to 99 contains the valuesrepresenting the fiN^}rst 719 sector ofthe disk. Let me explain how it'sdone: divide bytes 10 to 99 intobits. Byte 10, bit 7 is sector 0.Byte 1N_}0, bit 6 is sector 1.and so on...Byte 10, bit 0 is sector 7.Byte 11, bit 7 is sector 8.and so on...byte 99, bit 0 is secN`}tor 719.now check if the bit is equal to onethen the sector is free. If the bitis equal to zero then the sector isin use.Na}The rest of the bytes, bytes 100 to127 are unused.DOS 2.5 have an extended VTOC thatlocated is sector 1024.Bytes 0 to 12Nb}1 represent sectors:48-1023 the same way as before.Byte 0, bit 7 is sector 48.and so on...Byte 121, bit 0 is sector 1023.Nc}Bytes 122 - 123 contain the numberor free sectors on enhanced areaonly.And last the directory sectors.there are eight seNd}ctors that arereserved for a diskette directory.each sector able to contain up toeight files. means the maximum numberof Ne}files that can be placed on singlediskette is 64.There are 16 bytes available for eachfile entery.The first byte is the fNf}lag byte. theflag byte contains the informationabout the condition of the file.divide the flag byte into bits andcheck: INg}f bit 0 = 1 then the file isopen for output. If bit 1 = 1 thefile was created by DOS 2.0/2.5.Bits 2,3,4 are not used. If bNh}it 5 = 1then the file is locked.If bit 6 = 1 then the file is normal.And if bit 7 = 1 then the file hasbeen deleted.The Ni}second and third bytes containsthe total sectors of the file.Byte 3-4 contains the starting sectornumber of the file.ByteNj}s 5-12 contains the file name,And bytes 13-15 contains the filename extension.And last let's look at the filessectors. iNk}n one sector there are 128bytes. Each file sector contains125 bytes of file data followed bythree bytes of dos informationNl}.Bytes 0 to 124 contains the fileitself, which can be data,text,basicprogram or anything else.Byte 125 contains the totalNm} numberof bytes that are actually used,which is normally 125.The next two bytes (126-127) containstwo pieces of informatiNn}on.The first six bits of byte 126 holdsthe file number, the number can befrom 0 to 63. for example, the firstfile in the No}directory would have thevalue of zero here and the secondfile would give the value of one.The final two bits of byte 126 aNp}ndthe whole byte 127 when put togetherto give a 10 bit number which pointthe next sector of the file. Thisvalue will be sNq}et to zero of thissector is the end of the file.that's all, if you have any questionplease contact me and i will be happyNr}to reply.of thissector is the end of the file.that's all, if you have any questionplease contact me and i will be happyL the diskette. free for files1024 extended VTOC1025-1040 not usedwell that's all what i can say aboutthe format ofD                          Ru}        dear yohn stecyk.thank you for your lovely letterand for the disk's witch you had senRv}dme. i am sending you some disk's frommy collection that i think willinterest you. in one disk you willfind two programs Rw}that i wrote, onecalled "THE GRAPHICS DOS" and theother is "THE TRICK", most of theprograms that i write are specialrequeRx}st from friends, so you can saythat their are public domain, you cangive them to any one who isinterested in them. you wilRy}l noticethat few of the programs that i sendyou can't be copyed with unmodifieddisk drive, if you want a back upcopy i wiRz}ll be happy to send it toyou. i have an 1050 disk drive withthe super archiver chip in it, i cancopy allmost any protectedR{} disk.there were only two disk that i haveand cannot be copyed, but i am goingto solve this problem by adding the"bit wriR|}ter" to the super archiverthis will make my drive the ultimatecopyer.you had mentioned in your letter thatyou want to leR}}arn 6502 machine language, will i am sending you abook witch called "machine languagefor the absolute beginner" from thisR~}book i learned to program is machinelanguage. i hope it will help you toothe two programs that are at the endof the book "R}ALPA","disassembler" arein same side with "THETRICK" so you don'T have to copy them.in the disks that i had send you, youR}will find the "PARROT", parrot is asound digitizer for the atari. i willdescribe you how the program worksand how to builR}t the hardware.here is a list of the parts that youwill need and the schematic design ofthe hardware.i R}had looked through you catalog,you have a lot of title's that iwould like to have. here is a list ofsome of those titel's:R}i will be very happy if you can copythem and send them to me. write mewhat you want from me and i will behappy R}to send them to you. as i saidi can copy everything that i have.when i will send you the thing thatyou want, i will ask yoR}u for moretitel's that i don't have.i didn't have time to look in theMACE catalog, if i will find anything interested thR}ere i will write you.if you have any question about thecomputer or about programming, pleasefeel free to ask me, if i knR}ow theanswer i will be happy to answer you.since the time that i send you mycatalog i had gained few moreprograms:lunarR} leeper,story book maker,atari cad/cam,the hidden fortress,tetrix,diskio,music box,frog masteranimal world,atartris, fortrR}ess,atari music i.well that all for now i hope that iwill hear form you soon YOURS SINCERELY R}NIR DAREY P.O.BOX 6002 ACCO, ISREAL, 24720 form you soon YOURS SINCERELY PB  FF                    V}                          V}        THE BASIC TUTOTIAL Hello to you all atari fans out there that are still supV}porting these marvelous computer. This is going to be our new Basic Tutorial written by Saferman Ofer from Israel. Many AV}tari users have some basic knoledge of Basic, but since I'm going to write a toturial, it is intended for everybody so the moV}re experienced programers will have to indure the basic stuff, at least at the beginning. Since many Atari users are alreadV}y familiar with the superb Turbo Basic, which I think it's the best Basic for the Atari ever written, will be glad because, aV}lthough I'm going to write the demo programs and explanations using standard Atari Basic, I'll devote in every article a segmV}ent fot Turbo Basic according to the covered commands in that article. Now lets stop with the nonsense and get to work. V}So as I said, first the basics, and what is more basic than the PRINT command. The PRINT command does exactly as the meaning V}of the word - it prints to the screen.For example:PRINT "SAMPLE" - will print the word SAMPLE after presing RETURN. NotV}e the use of quotation marks which is very inportant since if we will write only SAMPLE, the computer will try to print the vV}alue of the variable SAMPLE, but about variables, later on. Now lets try some math:PRINT 10+5 - after pressing RETURN the V}computer will give the result which is 15. Well that, I must say, was definately basic stuff and we want to advance a littlV}e. First every basic program must consist of lines.The examples above were using direct mode, which is a way of entering onV}ly a few commands, but to write a Basic programm we need line numbers.So if we want, just for example to type a lot of thingsV} we will a program:10 PRINT "THIS IS A SAMPLE"20 PRINT "PROGRAM" Now after we are a little bit smarter lets start makinV}g things short.The abbreviation of the "PRINT" command is "?" - Yes just a question mark. We have reached the point in ourV} education that we can discuss VARIABLES.There are 2 types of variables NUMMERIC variables and STRING variables. For exampV}le:VAR=10OFER$="THIS IS A MESSAGE" Variables have some restrictions.A string variable has to be DIMensioned first to leV}t the computer now how much space you need for it. The command that performs this task is DIM or COM. For example:DIM A$V}(10) This will tell the computer that you will use a string variable called A$ and it will be 10 signs long, meaning in thV}ose 10 spaces you can use any ascci sign on the keyboard. You can use the same name for a nummeric variable and a string vaV}riable but that could get you mixed up so it is best to avoid it. The next thing i would like to discuss will be arrays or V}two-dimensional strings. An array must be dimensioned just like a string but it can apply only for numeric arrays because theV} Atari doesn't have string arrays. For example:DIM ARRAY(100,100) This will tell the computer to reserve 10000(100*10V}0) spaces for the newly dimensioned array. It is very useful for tables because ARRAY(0,0-100) will hold the first column of V}a table ARRAY(1,0-100) the second, etc. Maybe the readers till this point will ask why don't I give more example and just sV}tick to the basic ? Well, a few reasons:First all of this is quite easy to understand and could be even fun to experiment, seV}cond I thought it best if first I'll stick to the basics and after a partial knowlwdge of the fundamentals I'll give some triV}cks and longer programs to study and experiment with. There are also some overlaping issues, for example when I'll talk aboutV} graphics it will include some of the basic stuff that we will go over at first so for this time those are the most basic thiV}ngs and next time I'll start writing according to ordonate topics which will make understanding easier. So this was the intV}ro. I hope you enjoied it and see you next time. onate topics which will make understanding easier. So this was the intT5 ABOUT THE DISK FORMAT by nir dareyA diskette is composed of a thinmagnetic disk covered by thin pZ}lasticusually black. The cover has an openarea on both sides exposing themagnetic disk surface to the drivefor reading orZ} writing.As the diskette spins in the drive,the read/write head is actuallyover the opening, reading/writing thedisk surfZ}ace like a cassette recorderwould.The diskette is divided into tracks.A track is a ring about the centerof the diskette.Z}The drive head can be positionedover any one of the tracks, and datacan be readed from the surface.A disk can be formateZ}d in differentformats. Single Density format isdividing the disk into 40 tracks of18 sectors each with 128 bytes persectoZ}r, total of 720 sectors on thedisk, that give us 90 kilobytes onthe disk.Dual Density or as most known as1050 Density, thZ}e disk is dividedto 40 tracks of 26 sectors with 128byte each, that give us 130 kb. ona disk.Double Density format is divZ}iding thedisk to 40 tracks of 18 sectors eachwith 256 bytes per sector for a totalof 720 sector, which give us 180 kb.noZ}w we will talk about how data istransferred from the diskette intothe computer.A sector data is a magnetic fieldsthat beiZ}ng converted into electricpulses which are fed to the floppydisk controller.The floppy disk controller is theinterface beZ}tween the read and writehead and the drive microprocessor.the floppy disk controller performsall sector searches and uses Z}totransfer data between themicroprocessor and the physical disk.The disk drives processor receivesa full sector of data Z}every 1/18 ofa disk spin.This is about 0.0555 seconds.About the Disk Operating Systemformat.DOS 2.0 format the disk at Z}SingleDensity total of 720 sectors.DOS 2.5 can format the disk in DualDensity total of 1040 sectors.both formats uses secZ}tors whichcontains 128 bytes of data.in DOS 2.0 there are 707 sectorsfree for files, and in DOS 2.5 thereare 1011 free seZ}ctors.you probably ask what happened to themissing sectors ?, well the DOS usesmost of those sectors as informationabout Z}the disk and the files thatare on the disk.The disk sector map for DOS 2.0:sectors : contents :----------------Z}------------1-3 boot information4-369 free for files360 VTOC361-368 directory information369-719 free forZ} files720 not usedThe disk sector map for DOS 2.5 isthe same as DOS 2.0 with theadditions of the following:sectorZ}s : contents :-----------------------------721-1023 free for files1024 extended VTOC1025-1040 not usedNoZ}w time we will examine how the DOSuses sectors to store and keep trackof programs or data files.lets look at a DOS disk.Z}The first three sectors contains theboot information. Sectors 4 - 359 arefree for files. Sector 360 is theVTOC. Sectors 36Z}1 - 368 are thedirectory information. Sectors 369 -719 are free for files. Sectors 720is not used. Sectors 712 - 1023 areZ}free for files in enhanced densityonly. Sector 1024 is the extendedVTOC for enhanced density only.Sectors 1025 - 1040 are Z}not used.There are three different kinds ofsectors that stores information aboutthe whole disk.First the BOOT SECTORS. fZ}irst we mustunderstand what is a boot sector.well, a boot sector is the firstsector on a disk. the boot sectoris actuallyZ} the header of the wholedisk. The most important at the bootsector are it's first six bytes.Byte zero is the boot flag, itZ} isusually unused.Byte 1 contains the number of sectorsto be read as part of the bootprocess. the number can be upto 256.Z}Bytes 2-3 contains the start addressto load the boot data.Bytes 4-5 are the initializationaddress.As for the boot sectorZ}s in the DOSdisk, the boot flag is always zero,the number of boot sector are three,the address to load the boot sectorsisZ} 1792 and the initializationaddress is 5440.Bytes 6-7 are the address that thecomputer will jump to continue load.Byte eiZ}ght is unused. Byte nine is thenumber of sectors buffer ( =3).Byte ten is the drive enable bits, bits 0-7 equal to drives Z}1-8. byteten is usualy 131 in decimal, in binary it's equal to 10000011. As youcan see drives 1,2 and 8 are is use.Byte eZ}leven is unused.Bytes 12 and 13 are the start addressfor the buffers, equal to 6604.The 14 byte indicates if there is DOSZ}on the disk or not. If the byte isequal to zero means that there is noDos on the disk, if the byte is 1then DOS.SYS is on Z}the disk.Bytes 15 - 16 is the first sector ofDOS.SYS file usualy it's 4.The 17 byte is the offset to sectorlink data, theZ} byte is equal to 125.Bytes 18 - 19 indicates the start ofmain DOS.SYS file, it's equal to 1995The 20 byte is the first byZ}te of theboot data.those values can be changed with thewright tool.secondly the Volume Table Of Contentsor as known theZ} VTOC. the VTOC datais located in sector 360, and in thissector you can find how many sectorsare free, what sector is usedZ} orunused and moreThe first 10 bytes contains generalinformation about the disk.Byte zero is used to indicate the DOStypZ}e normally it's equal to 2 for DOS2.0/2.5.Bytes one and two contains the totalor sectors on the disk. for DOS 2.0it's 707Z} and for DOS 2.5 it's 1010.Bytes three and four contains thenumber or currently free sectors.Bytes 10 to 99 contains the vZ}aluesrepresenting the first 719 sector ofthe disk. Let me explain how it'sdone: divide bytes 10 to 99 intobits. Byte 10, Z}bit 7 is sector 0.Byte 10, bit 6 is sector 1.and so on...Byte 10, bit 0 is sector 7.Byte 11, bit 7 is sector 8.and so onZ}...byte 99, bit 0 is sector 719.now check if the bit is equal to onethen the sector is free. If the bitis equal to zero tZ}hen the sector isin use.The rest of the bytes, bytes 100 to127 are unused.DOS 2.5 have an extended VTOC thatlocated is sZ}ector 1024.Bytes 0 to 121 represent sectors:48-1023 the same way as before.Byte 0, bit 7 is sector 48.and so on...Byte 1Z}21, bit 0 is sector 1023.Bytes 122 - 123 contain the numberor free sectors on enhanced areaonly.And last the directory seZ}ctors.there are eight sectors that arereserved for a diskette directory.each sector able to contain up toeight files. meaZ}ns the maximum numberof files that can be placed on singlediskette is 64.There are 16 bytes available for eachfile enteryZ}.The first byte is the flag byte. theflag byte contains the informationabout the condition of the file.divide the flag byZ}te into bits andcheck: If bit 0 = 1 then the file isopen for output. If bit 1 = 1 thefile was created by DOS 2.0/2.5.BitsZ} 2,3,4 are not used. If bit 5 = 1then the file is locked.If bit 6 = 1 then the file is normal.And if bit 7 = 1 then the fiZ}le hasbeen deleted.The second and third bytes containsthe total sectors of the file.Byte 3-4 contains the starting sectorZ}number of the file.Bytes 5-12 contains the file name,And bytes 13-15 contains the filename extension.And last let's looZ}k at the filessectors. in one sector there are 128bytes. Each file sector contains125 bytes of file data followed bythreeZ} bytes of dos information.Bytes 0 to 124 contains the fileitself, which can be data,text,basicprogram or anything else.ByZ}te 125 contains the total numberof bytes that are actually used,which is normally 125.The next two bytes (126-127) containZ}stwo pieces of information.The first six bits of byte 126 holdsthe file number, the number can befrom 0 to 63. for examplZ}e, the firstfile in the directory would have thevalue of zero here and the secondfile would give the value of one.The finZ}al two bits of byte 126 andthe whole byte 127 when put togetherto give a 10 bit number which pointthe next sector of the fZ}ile. Thisvalue will be set to zero of thissector is the end of the file.that's all, if you have any questionplease contaZ}ct me and i will be happyto reply.of thissector is the end of the file.that's all, if you have any questionplease contaX$  FF                    ^}                          ^}        Vertical Blank Interrupt -------------------------- by NIR DAR^}EYLet me start explaining what Vertical Blank is.you probably know that the time it takes the television to draw a full p^}icture on a screen is 1/50 of a second(in the U.S.A it's 1/60 of a second).The TV keeps drawing the picture again and again^} even if it's doesn't changes.The routine that draws the picture on a screen is allready written in the ATARI O.S.since the^} computer is running at 1.79 Mhz, there is spare time from when the computer finished drawing the picture till it's start aga^}in. this spare time we can use to insert ower own routine.any graphic changes been made during VBLANK will shown smoothly, b^}ut most important thing is that you can run a VBI routine at the same time your main program runs!.(for example play music, d^}o smooth scroll etc...)There is also a Horizontal Blank which occurs after the TV has finished drawing one line and goes to ^}the next line.There are two stages of VBLANK, the first is called "IMMEDIATE" which allways executed, and the second called ^}"DEFERRED".There are two ways to set a VBI to your own routine.The first way is to set the VBLANK registers to the start ad^}dress of you own routine.546,547 ; Immidiate VBLANK registers548,549 ; Deferred VBLANK registersThe second way is to load^} the Y register (LDY) with the low byte address of your routine, and the X register (LDX) with the high byte, then load Accum^}ulator (LDA) with 6 for Immidiate VBI, or 7 for Defferd VBI and do JSR 58460.I recomand the second way to set your VBI routi^}ne becuse if you change the VBI registers and a VBI occurs the computer will crash!!!.Another thing you should allways remeb^}er is allways tell the computer at the end of you VBI routine, to go back and do the O.S. VBI routine:JMP 58463 for Imidiate^} VBI.JMP 58466 for Defferd VBI.Now let's take a look at a small example the following source is written in MAC65:10 _} *=153620 PLA30 LDY #VBLANK50 LDA #07 ;defferd VBI70 JSR 5846080 RT_}S90 VBLANK LDA 20100 STA 53274220 JMP 5846Here is the samll routine for the BASIC users:10 ADDR=153620 READ _}DAT:IF DAT=-1 THEN 5030 POKE ADDR,DAT:ADDR=ADDR+140 GOTO 2050 X=USR(1536):END60 DATA 104,160,11,162,6,169,7,32,9270 DATA_} 228,96,165,20,141,26,208,76,9880 DATA 228,-1Some technical notes:Immidiate VBI updates the,Internal Realtime Clock r_}egister (RTCLOCK 18-20),Attract Mode register (ATRACT 77),DRKMKS 78,Changing Color register (COLRSH 79),System Timer One _}registers (CDTMV1 536,537),Then the Time Critical register (CRITIC 66) is checked, if it's sets the O.S. returns from the in_}terrupt.If it's not set then the O.S. goes to stage two of the VBI.Defferd VBI updates the:Horizontal Position of the Lig_}ht Pen register (PENH 54284),Vertical Position of the Light Pen register (PENV 54285),Display List address registers (DLIST_}L,DLISTH 54274,54275),Priority register (PRIOR 53275),Color of Players and Missile registers (COLPM0-3 53266-53269)Playfi_ }eld Color registers (COLPF0-3 53270-53273),Color of the Background (COLBK 53274),Charecter Set address register (CHBASE 54_ }281),CHACTL register (54273),TRIG0-3 registers (53264-53269),POT0-7 registers (53760-53767),PORT A register (54016),SE 54\x  FF                    c }                          c }        Display List Interrupts -------------------------- by NIR DAREc}YBefore you go on reading about DLI's, you must know all about the DISPLAY LIST of the ATARI 8-bit computer.There is a goc}od article about this subject in the "NEW ATARI USER" mag. ISSUE #51 from Ian Finlayson.Now let's start explaining what DLIc} is.The television draws the screen image in 20 miliseconds, at this speed the computer has plenty of time to change parametc}ers while the display is being drawn,the computer responds to the request interrupt that you put in the Display List, changec}s parameters and returns to it's normal buisness.Of curse you shouldn't do to many things becuse it's effect the time the scc}reen is drawn.Enough theory let's talk buisness,The registers for the Display List Interrupt is 512,513you should insert c}in them the address of your routine.Allways remember to enable the DLI, by setting the NMEIN register (54286) to 192. otherwc}ize your routine wouldn't be executed!.Now tell the ANTIC chip at what line it should execute your DLI routine, by setting bc}it 7 at the desired line on the DISPLAY LIST.There are few thing you must allways remember when writing a DLI routine:1) Mc}ake sure you restore the Accumulator and the X and Y registers in the stack if you use them. and at the end of the routine rec}store them back.2) End your routine with RTI (Return From Interrupt) instruction.3) When using graphics registers (colors,sc}croll,charecter sets etc...) store the value allso in the WSYNC (Wait For Horizontal Sync) register,so the next command won'tc} be executed untill ANTIC finished drawing the current scan line. by doing this you prevent any flickering on the screen.4)Mc}ake sure you change the hardware registers, not the shadow registers.Now let's look at a small DLI routine, the following sc}ourcecode was written in MAC65.10 *=153620 PLA30 LDA 560 ;those 4 lines40 STA 203 ;finds the ac}ddress50 LDA 561 ;of the60 STA 204 ;DISPLAY LIST70 LDA #DLI100 c} STA 513110 LDA #192120 STA 54286 ;enable DLI130 LDY #15 ;lines 130-170140 CLC c} ;sets bit-7 150 LDA (203),Y ;at line 15 of160 ADC #128 ;the 170 STA (203),Y ;DISPLAY LIST.180 c } RTS190 DLI PHA200 LDA #40210 STA 53272 ;COLPF1220 STA 54282 ;WSYNC230 PLA240 RTITc!}he next program is for the basic user.10 ADDR=153620 READ DAT:IF DAT=-1 THEN 5030 POKE ADDR,DAT:ADDR=ADDR+140 GOTO 2050c"} X=USR(1536):END70 DATA 104,173,48,2,133,203,173,49,280 DATA 133,204,169,36,141,0,2,169,690 DATA 141,1,2,169,192,141,14,21c#}2,160100 DATA 15,24,177,203,205,128,145,203110 DATA 105,128,145,203,96,72,169,40120 DATA 141,24,208,141,10,212,104,64Ifc$} you want to use more than one DLI in the same program, (let's say 2 DLI'S) you must set in the first DLI, the second DLI addc%}ress in the DLI registers (512,513) just before you restore the processor registers. and at the second DLI routine you must pc&}oint back to the first.Make sure when using more than one DLI, you enable them (remember storing 192 at 54286) during VBI, oc'}therwize they wont executed in the right order.Don't forget to set more than one DLI request at the DISPLAY LIST.for more ic(}nformation about multiply DLI's read Eisbaer Corp. artical at "MEGA MAGAZINE 4", and more technical information you can find c)}at "DE-RE ATARI" book.Next time i will write about the SOFTWARE TIMERS and how to use them.nical information you can find `^?~\^+?~V~\^+~F}FF>j ;|<Q+FPr#PZP%9+|&Y9h t.^u 9FuFF@FP6Y[[Yb(."YP6YP[[=u+PF@P)[[YP(>&YuY(Y Y(YF>&YuFPFPFP6IYP FPFP6IYPFC~t~u^F>&Yu=P[F u}FFNz;wz@PvZ[[FFFn؋>}9tNFn};v6-FPR1[[>}MMD}؋OO@}؋GGB뷃>^ u>h t|Du F^ ~^u~A| F-@FD@FPV1[[>^ tDD>&Y$DDz@DBFz` b j Fd D^_]UWVF^G+FHu0`>^ t F@P6+PF@P$[[>f^tVTYP[[=u빃|DuFFn؃xDtFS[@F^?u+DB@F}QzQP+PtB/ FDB9EBvF)EBFFn؋>}9uF(ލGFPS1[[EDE@EBFFn؀8uFF9F~ DBFV` b j Fd D^_]˃>h th f d =DUVv ۴[^ȊP۴[;uz+^]UV^G+FHuv vSL>^ t F@P6+PF@P[[|Duh Ff d =%6 ^]ˡ`zY>b u1YP[=stw , t,t` b ` +UV}?u +^ lFF9F|DtF9FF<u|DuFF<tF9F} FFFF^ <u |@uDD^]UV6X[-F6}|DtvV[P [[FF<u݋6}3^ FF@@;F}|Du^^ F^F<t V[F^]UV6}N^? 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